Essays On The Purpose Of Government

Thus states grew up on the banks of the Indus, the Nile, the Euphrates and the Tigris.These river valley states were rich and prosperous because of the rich natural resources in those areas.Initially, Rome was a small state like the Greek city-states. The common people were called the Plebeians and they had no share in the government. Rome could not go much ahead in democracy because she was involved in warfare with the neighbouring states.

Thus states grew up on the banks of the Indus, the Nile, the Euphrates and the Tigris.These river valley states were rich and prosperous because of the rich natural resources in those areas.Initially, Rome was a small state like the Greek city-states. The common people were called the Plebeians and they had no share in the government. Rome could not go much ahead in democracy because she was involved in warfare with the neighbouring states.

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If the Greek city states were known for liberty, democracy and local independence, the Roman empire earned eminence for unity, order and universal law.

While Greece had democracy without unity, Rome had unity minus democracy.

President Woodrow Wilson’s definition of the state is “a people organised for law within a definite territory.” Harold J.

Laski defines the state as “a territorial society divided into government and subjects claiming, within its allotted physical area, a supremacy over all other institutions.”According to R. Mac Iver, the state is- “An association which, acting through law as promulgated by a government, endowed to this end with coercive power, maintains within a community, territorially demarcated the universal external conditions of social order.”Sir Thomas Holland’s definition is more elaborate:“A state is a numerous assemblage of human beings generally occupying a certain territory, amongst whom the will of the majority of an ascertainable class of persons is, by the strength of such a majority or class, made to prevail against any of their number who opposes it.”J. Garner’s definition is the most acceptable one because it contains all the attributes of the state.

The plenty of food, clothes and shelter led to organised political and social institutions.

These river valley states were like so many early empires separated from each other. Their responsibilities to the subjects ended with realising taxes from them.

In that tribal organisation the rights of the individuals were based on kinship.

Allegiance to the state had nothing to do with the rulers or the territories.

Life in those big states was one of comfort and ease. The rulers combined in themselves political and religious authority.

Disobedience to the priest-Kings was considered a sacrilege.